Background: Cognitive stimulation therapy is a group-based psychological treatment for people with dementia as well as those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and is shown to improve both cognition and quality of life. Previous studies have indicated the potential to benefit from the use of technological devices in group interventions.

Objective: The pilot study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a tablet- and group-based multicomponent cognitive stimulation therapy (MCST) for enhancing cognitive functions among older adults with MCI. The following study aims to report the protocol for a trial evaluating whether the MCST program is affecting individuals with MCI.

Methods: In the first study, 30 individuals with MCI participated in 10 sessions of the tablet- and group-based MCST group. A subsequent protocol study will compare tablet-based MCST, tablet-based cognitive stimulation therapy, and control groups among 93 individuals with MCI. All participants will be recruited from older adults living in semiurban communities. Intervention groups will be facilitated by trained therapists, nurses, or psychologists. The study will be assessed by a pre- and posttest evaluation, including computer-based neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography assessment. The effects of several indicators, such as cognitive functions, behavioral, and emotional, will be analyzed as being indexed by their neurophysiological data.

Results: The pilot study showed significant cognitive improvement (P<.001), reduced depression (P=.002), and decreased state anxiety (P=.001) post intervention. Quality of life remained unchanged (P=.18). The randomized controlled trial study was funded in March 2023. Enrolling began in August 2023 and was completed in December 2023. The data analysis was started, and the results are expected to be published by mid- to late-2025.

Conclusions: The study is the first tablet-group-based MCST for older adults with MCI in middle-income countries. It will provide deeper insight into participants' neuropsychological data, thus identifying specific processes underlying physiologically measured positive outcomes. Furthermore, the project will deliver solid and integrative results to mental health professionals in terms of knowledge and guidance for implementing the tablet- and group-based MCST in people with MCI.

Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20230829004; https://tinyurl.com/3wuaue3e. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/64465.