Sleep disturbances are a common issue among institutionalized older adults, yet their exact occurrence rates have not been comprehensively investigated. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the occurrence rates of sleep disturbances in this population. We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL from their inception until 30 June 2024. A total of 9308 institutionalized older adults from 52 observational studies were included, each reporting the occurrence rates of sleep disturbances. The pooled occurrence rates of obstructive sleep apnea, poor sleep quality, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, and circadian rhythm disruption among institutionalized older adults were 67 %, 65 %, 43 %, 30 %, and 30 %, respectively. Age, duration of institutional stay, dependence in activities of daily living, and physical and psychological comorbidities had significant moderating effects on the occurrence rates of sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances, particularly obstructive sleep apnea, poor sleep quality, and insomnia, are alarmingly prevalent among institutionalized older adults. Our findings underscore the critical need for early detection and intervention to address these disturbances, which could significantly improve the overall well-being and quality of life in this vulnerable population.